The Contribution of Wildlife Hosts to the Rise of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in North America

Abstract Wildlife vertebrate hosts are integral to enzootic cycles of tick-borne pathogens, and in some cases have played key roles the recent rise ticks diseases North America. In this forum article, we highlight that wildlife play maintenance transmission zoonotic, companion animal, livestock, pathogens. We begin by illustrating how contribute directly indirectly increase geographic expansion their associated provide blood meals for tick growth reproduction; serve as pathogen reservoirs; can disperse pathogens—either through natural movement (e.g., avian migration) or human-facilitated translocations trade). then discuss opportunities manage disease actions directed at hosts. To conclude, gaps our understanding ecology tick–host interactions, emphasizing host communities themselves a very dynamic component tick–pathogen–host systems therefore complicate management diseases, should be taken into account when considering host-targeted approaches. Effective reduce risk further requires consideration ‘human dimensions’ management. This includes public’s diverse views values about impacts—including perceived role fostering diseases. Public health agencies capitalize on expertise developing strategies risks.